Practice question
What is the accused’s constitutional status in a criminal prosecution before guilt is established under the required standard?
- Automatically guilty upon filing
- Guilty unless personally disproving every rumor
- Presumed innocent until the contrary is proved
- Subject to conviction solely by a police preference
- Without any right to know the charge
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html — Constitution, Article III sections1 and14: due process, fair accusation, hearing and presumption of innocence.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/nov2001/gr_148560_2001.html — Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 148560, November 19, 2001, main decision: fair notice, objective standards and vagueness; not relied upon for historical death-penalty provisions.
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