Practice question
What favorable-law exception does Article 22 recognize?
- Every later law automatically applies regardless of effect.
- A favorable penal law may operate retroactively for a person within the provision, subject to its habitual-criminal qualification.
- Every harsher punishment applies retrospectively.
- Only an employer may request retroactivity.
- All prior judgments automatically disappear.
Legal references
- Revised Penal Code, Act No. 3815, specified articles, as amended: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426; Articles 21–22 and 62(5).
- 1987 Constitution, Article III Sections 14 and 22: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Peña v People, G.R. No. 261807, August 14, 2024, main resolution, favorable penal-law retroactivity: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2024/aug2024/gr_261807_2024.html
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