Practice question
To what does Article 22 refer when it excludes a habitual criminal from its stated favorable-retroactivity rule?
- Anyone who has ever been accused of any offense.
- Anyone who has paid any traffic fine.
- The term as defined in Article 62(5), rather than an unlimited label for every prior accusation or conviction.
- Anyone disliked by the complainant.
- Every person serving imprisonment.
Legal references
- Revised Penal Code, Act No. 3815, specified articles, as amended: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426; Articles 21–22 and 62(5).
- 1987 Constitution, Article III Sections 14 and 22: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Peña v People, G.R. No. 261807, August 14, 2024, main resolution, favorable penal-law retroactivity: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2024/aug2024/gr_261807_2024.html
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