Practice question
A shipper says a US$500 package limit entitles it to exactly US$500 for every damaged package even when actual loss is lower. The carrier says the same figure caps the whole voyage. Evaluate both positions, assuming separately established packages and no declaration.
Legal references
- Eastern Shipping Lines v. BPI/MS Insurance, G.R. No. 182864, January 12, 2015, main decision, COGSA Section 4(5): https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/jan2015/gr_182864_2015.html
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