Practice question
A bus ticket announces that passengers assume all risks of deliberate violence by the carrier's employees. During the trip a conductor intentionally injures a passenger. The company proves careful hiring and points to the notice. What is the strongest analysis?
- Careful hiring necessarily excuses all contractual passenger injuries.
- Neither the ticket clause nor careful selection and supervision defeats the carrier's Article 1759 responsibility on these facts.
- The notice gives employees legal authority to injure passengers.
- Wilful injury cannot be covered by Article 1759.
- The passenger's duty of self-care automatically validates the clause.
Legal references
- Civil Code, Articles 1741, 1743, 1745-1747 and 1758-1761: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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