Practice question
A carrier without just cause changes the stipulated cargo route. The goods are lost, and the carrier invokes a contractual liability limitation. Which Article 1747 rule applies?
- The limitation cannot be availed of in the stated unjustified route-change setting.
- Any route change expands every defense
- The carrier may always ignore the contracted route
- Only the consignee’s age matters
- The shipper automatically loses ownership
Legal references
- Civil Code, Articles 1732-1733, 1745-1754 and 1758-1763: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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