Practice question
A corporation’s civil deficiency is final. The prosecution relies solely on an employee’s executive title to establish personal criminal responsibility, without proving her actual responsibility or participation. What follows from Suarez?
- Civil finality and title alone do not replace proof of personal criminal responsibility beyond reasonable doubt
- Corporate civil finality convicts every executive
- The title conclusively proves participation
- A civil demand is a criminal sentence
- Every executive is immune
Legal references
- Suarez v. People, G.R. No.253429, October 6, 2021, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/oct2021/gr_253429_2021.html
- NIRC Sections 204, 228 and 253, read with EOPT amendments: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8424_1997.html
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