Practice question
Absent a sufficient presumption, what evidentiary standard does Villanueva’s MAIN guidelines place on the CIR to establish the extraordinary-period requisites?
- Clear and convincing evidence
- A mere unsupported suspicion
- A coin toss
- Any anonymous accusation without proof
- Proof supplied solely by the size of the auditor’s target
Legal references
- CIR v Villanueva GR249540 February28,2024 MAIN: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2024/feb2024/gr_249540_2024.html MAIN statutory requisites, strict presumption threshold, due process.
- NIRC RA8424, Sections203,222–223 and228: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8424_1997.html Sections222(a) and248(B).
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