Practice question
A company proves an illegal collection but offers no proof of inexcusable or obstinate disregard of law. It says every refund judgment conclusively establishes arbitrary collection for interest. Which is correct?
- Every refund establishes malice
- The interest ground requires separate support; illegality does not automatically prove qualifying arbitrariness
- Interest needs no ground
- The claim’s caption proves arbitrariness
- Every error is a crime
Legal references
- Jose v. Tigerway Facilities and Resources, Inc., G.R. No. 247331, February 26, 2024, main decision: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/69421
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