Practice question
A corporation validly authorizes remote stockholder voting under section 57. A shareholder participates through that procedure and sends a vote before the tally closes. Management excludes her from quorum solely because she is physically absent. Which is correct?
- Physical absence always defeats participation
- Remote votes count only after the meeting ends
- She is deemed present for quorum under the statutory rule
- Only directors can vote remotely
- A remote vote automatically gives extra shares
Legal references
- https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/86463 — RA 11232, sections 22, 54–57
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