Practice question
An event, without fault or negligence by Carlo, damages Dina’s property and directly benefits Carlo. Both the damage and the same-event benefit are proved. Which answer best addresses Carlo’s complete “no negligence, no liability” defense?
- Article 23 supplies a possible indemnity basis despite the stipulated absence of negligence.
- The defense always succeeds against every civil claim.
- The benefit automatically transfers all Carlo’s property to Dina.
- Article 23 requires a criminal conviction first.
- Dina must prove a contract with Carlo in every case.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html — Civil Code, articles 23,432 and 2176.
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