Practice question
A court finds a challenged decision mistaken but honestly made, and the claimant proves neither malice nor a sole intent to prejudice. The claimant asks the court to treat any error as automatic Article 19 bad faith and award every requested damage amount. Which is correct?
- Every error necessarily proves dishonesty
- Every unfavorable decision proves sole injurious intent
- Requested damages are always self-proving
- Mistake alone does not automatically establish the required abuse; bad faith and the proper damages basis require proof
- An honest mistake extinguishes every other possible legal claim
Legal references
- Mercado v. Ongpin, G.R. 207324, September 30, 2020: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/67004
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