Practice question
An employee alleges that an employer's grossly negligent maintenance of a hazardous workplace independently caused a serious illness, beyond merely failing to perform a contractual promise. The employer seeks dismissal solely because an employment contract exists. Which proposition is consistent with Indophil?
- Any contract categorically excludes every independent tort claim
- An existing contract does not by itself exclude a sufficiently established direct, substantive and independent tort; the actual basis and elements must be examined
- The allegation alone conclusively proves liability
- Every employment dispute is automatically a quasi-delict
- The employee must abandon proof of causation
Legal references
- Civil Code Articles 2176–2179: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Indophil Textile Mills v. Adviento, GR 171212, August 4, 2014, main decision: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/57299
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