Practice question
A driver had two findings of traffic-regulation violations during the two months immediately preceding a mishap. The claimant invokes Article 2184 but says the driver may offer no contrary evidence and causation of the claimed loss need never be examined. Which is correct?
- The prior findings conclusively establish every damage claim
- The specified facts support a disputable negligence presumption, not an irrebuttable substitute for all liability elements
- The findings are legally irrelevant in every case
- Only the driver’s age determines the presumption
- The statute automatically awards double damages
Legal references
- Civil Code, Articles 2176 and 2184: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/53360
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