Earnest Money

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1. Under Article 1482, earnest money given in a contract of sale is considered what?
2. Does writing 'earnest money' on a receipt conclusively prove a contract of sale regardless of the actual arrangement?
3. In a contract of sale to which Article 1482 applies, is earnest money ordinarily separate from the purchase price?
4. A perfected sale fixes the price at P600,000, and the buyer pays P60,000 as earnest money under Article 1482. No other …
5. A receipt uses 'earnest money,' but the established agreement is a contract to sell with transfer dependent on a future…
6. The parties' established arrangement reserves the seller's agreement to transfer ownership until the buyer performs spe…
7. A perfected sale involves earnest money credited to the price, but the identified movable remains entirely under the se…
8. State Article 1482's effects and explain why Chavez requires care before applying them to a payment simply labeled earn…
9. Distinguish earnest money under Article 1482 from consideration for an option, focusing on the function of the payment …
10. Explain why payment, perfection of a sale and transfer of ownership are separate questions even when genuine earnest mo…
11. Does 1482 itself give either party an automatic right to withdraw from a perfected sale merely by sacrificing earnest m…
12. Does the label earnest money itself establish an enforceable forfeiture clause?