Practice question
Explain the general written-notice rule under Article 1623 and the qualified exception recognized in Rama and applied in Azurin. Why is mere actual knowledge not a universal substitute?
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html — Civil Code, articles 1601,1606–1607,1616,1619–1623.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/apr2025/gr_259662_2025.html — Azurin, Jr. v Chua, GR 259662, April 23 2025, main opinion: written notice and peculiar-circumstances/laches exception.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/sep2021/gr_219556_2021.html — Rama v Spouses Nogra, GR 219556, September 14 2021, main opinion: sufficient knowledge plus laches.
Answer this question in flashcards to review your response and continue practicing.