Practice question
A payer makes several transfers to an unrelated recipient. Evidence proves the first resulted from mistaken construction of a genuinely difficult legal provision, while later transfers were knowingly intended gifts. All transfers are challenged solely under Article 2155. How should the court approach them?
- Automatically refund every transfer because the first involved error
- Examine the cause and statutory elements of each challenged payment
- Automatically reject the first because later gifts were made
- Treat chronology alone as conclusive
- Ignore proof of intention entirely
Legal references
- Civil Code, Articles 22, 1157, 1160, 2142-2169 and 2176: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Domestic Petroleum Retailer Corp. v. MIAA, G.R. No. 210641, March 27, 2019, MAIN decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2019/mar2019/gr_210641_2019.html
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