Confusion

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1. What extinguishing event does Article 1275 call confusion or merger?
2. Under Article 1276, whom does merger in the principal debtor or creditor benefit?
3. Under Article 1277, how far does confusion extinguish a joint obligation?
4. A creditor's claim against a principal debtor validly passes to that debtor, so the same person now holds the creditor …
5. A merger occurs only in the person of a guarantor. The creditor and principal debtor remain distinct, and no other exti…
6. Ava, Ben and Cal jointly owe Dana P90,000 in equal shares. The debt is expressly joint, and Dana validly assigns the en…
7. A valid principal debt is secured by a guaranty. Through a valid transaction the creditor and principal debtor characte…
8. Two unrelated people have identical names, but remain separate persons holding creditor and debtor positions. One asser…
9. Compare merger in the principal debtor or creditor with confusion occurring only in a guarantor. Explain Article 1276's…
10. Two debtors jointly owe a creditor P80,000 in equal shares. The creditor validly transfers the entire credit to one deb…
11. Does mere custody of a private debt document necessarily transfer the creditor’s substantive right for 1275?
12. Is a private corporation automatically the same legal person as its sole shareholder for merger of a corporate debt?