Practice question
A petitioner timely alleges actual fraud, but an innocent mortgagee for value acquired a protected interest that reopening would prejudice. The petitioner argues section 32 protects only outright buyers and never mortgagees. Which is correct?
- Every mortgagee is excluded from protection
- Only cash buyers can ever be protected
- A timely filing automatically overrides all innocent interests
- Section 32 includes an innocent lessee, mortgagee or other encumbrancer for value within the relevant protected category
- A mortgage automatically transfers the whole State domain
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1978/pd_1529_1978.html — PD 1529, sections 6(a), 29–32 and 39
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