Practice question
A national administrative circular imposes binding requirements on private recruitment agencies. Officials claim publication is unnecessary because the affected industry is small. Apply PASEI v. Torres.
- Every industry-specific rule is internal
- Only rules affecting every citizen require publication
- The agency may rely on rumors
- A limited regulated class does not alone remove the publication requirement
- A company’s verbal consent binds the entire industry
Legal references
- Philippine Association of Service Exporters, Inc. v. Torres, G.R. No. 103144, April 4, 2001, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2001/apr2001/gr_103144_2001.html
- Tañada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, December 29, 1986, main resolution: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/dec1986/gr_l-63915_1986.html
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