Practice question
What must the court find before awarding temperate damages under Article 2224?
- Some pecuniary loss occurred, but its amount cannot be proved with certainty from the nature of the case
- No injury or loss of any kind occurred
- Only that the claimant asks for money
- An agreed penalty exists in every case
- The defendant is wealthy
Legal references
- Civil Code Articles 2216 and 2221–2225: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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