Practice question
A seller intentionally deceives a buyer in performing a contract. The buyer proves the fraudulent breach and serious mental anguish proximately resulting from it. The seller argues that because no receipts quantify that anguish, moral damages are categorically unavailable. Which answer is correct?
- The lack of an anguish invoice necessarily defeats the claim
- The proved fraudulent breach and resulting moral injury can support consideration under Article 2220 without pecuniary computation of that injury
- Every fraud requires the exact amount demanded
- Moral damages replace proof of the wrongful act
- The seller's signature alone fixes all damages
Legal references
- Civil Code Articles 2216–2220: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
- Nunez v. Spouses Nunez, GR 267108, February 5, 2025, main decision, factual basis for moral damages: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/feb2025/gr_267108_2025.html
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