Practice question
A registrar intentionally changes a birth entry without lawful authority, causing a claimant proven damage. In the resulting civil action, the registrar argues that public-document status automatically immunizes the official and makes the altered entry conclusive. Which statement is correct?
- Public status immunizes every alteration
- Only the claimant’s consent matters, even if no consent exists
- Article 411 provides civil responsibility for unauthorized alteration causing damage, subject to its reasonable-precautions defense; Article 410 does not confer immunity
- The altered document conclusively validates the misconduct
- No civil remedy can ever concern registry alterations
Legal references
- Civil Code, Articles 410-411: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/53360
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